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Julia

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Julia is an open source programming language created in 2012 by Jeff Bezanson and Alan Edelman and Stefan Karpinski and Viral B. Shah.

#35on PLDB 12Years Old 54kRepos
Download source code:
git clone https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia
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Julia is a high-level dynamic programming language designed to address the needs of high-performance numerical analysis and computational science, without the typical need of separate compilation to be fast, while also being effective for general-purpose programming, web use or as a specification language. Distinctive aspects of Julia's design include a type system with parametric polymorphism and types in a fully dynamic programming language and multiple dispatch as its core programming paradigm. It allows concurrent, parallel and distributed computing, and direct calling of C and Fortran libraries without glue code. Read more on Wikipedia...


Example from Riju:
println("Hello, world!")
Example from hello-world:
println("Hello World")
# Hello world in Julia println("Hello, World!")
Example from Linguist:
#!/usr/bin/env julia # From https://github.com/JoshCheek/language-sampler-for-fullpath/blob/b766dcdbd249ec63516f491390a75315e78cba95/julia/fullpath help_screen = """ usage: fullpath *[relative-paths] [-c] Prints the fullpath of the paths If no paths are given as args, it will read them from stdin If there is only one path, the trailing newline is omitted The -c flag will copy the results into your pasteboard """ help = false copy = false dir = pwd() paths = [] for arg = ARGS if arg == "-h" || arg == "--help" help = true elseif arg == "-c" || arg == "--copy" copy = true elseif arg != "" push!(paths, arg) end end if help print(help_screen) exit() end function notempty(string) return !isempty(string) end if length(paths) == 0 paths = filter(notempty, map(chomp, readlines())) end function print_paths(stream, paths) if length(paths) == 1 path = paths[1] print(stream, "$dir/$path") else for path = paths println(stream, "$dir/$path") end end end if copy read, write, process = readandwrite(`pbcopy`) print_paths(write, paths) close(write) end print_paths(STDOUT, paths)
Example from Wikipedia:
julia> p(x) = 2x^2 + 1; f(x, y) = 1 + 2p(x)y julia> println("Hello world!", " I'm on cloud ", f(0, 4), " as Julia supports recognizable syntax!") Hello world! I'm on cloud 9 as Julia supports recognizable syntax!
Julia Keywords
begin while if for try return break continue function macro quote let local global const do struct abstract typealias bitstype type immutable module baremodule using import export importall end else catch finally true false

Language features

Feature Supported Example Token
Standard Library println("Hello, World!")
Binary Literals # 0b[01]+((_[01]+)+)?
Floats # (\d+((_\d+)+)?\.(?!\.)(\d+((_\d+)+)?)?|\.\d+((_\d+)+)?)([eEf][+-]?[0-9]+)?
Hexadecimals # 0x[a-fA-F0-9]+((_[a-fA-F0-9]+)+)?
Octals # 0o[0-7]+((_[0-7]+)+)?
Conditionals
Functions
Constants
While Loops
Line Comments # A comment #
Module Pattern module MyModule using Lib using BigLib: thing1, thing2 import Base.show export MyType, foo struct MyType x end bar(x) = 2x foo(a::MyType) = bar(a.x) + 1 show(io::IO, a::MyType) = print(io, "MyType $(a.x)") end
Pipes [1,2,3] |> (y -> f(3, y))
Mixins # Including the same code in different modules provides mixin-like behavior. module Normal include("mycode.jl") end module Testing include("safe_operators.jl") include("mycode.jl") end
File Imports # Files and file names are mostly unrelated to modules; modules are associated only with module expressions. # One can have multiple files per module, and multiple modules per file: using MyModule using MyModule: x, p import MyModule import MyModule.x, MyModule.p import MyModule: x, p module Foo include("file1.jl") include("file2.jl") end
Print() Debugging print("hello world") println
Integers 80766866
Booleans true false
Garbage Collection
MultiLine Comments #= A comment. =# #= =#
Comments # A comment
Unicode Identifers δ = 0.00001
Multiple Dispatch collide_with(x::Asteroid, y::Asteroid) = ... # deal with asteroid hitting asteroid collide_with(x::Asteroid, y::Spaceship) = ... # deal with asteroid hitting spaceship collide_with(x::Spaceship, y::Asteroid) = ... # deal with spaceship hitting asteroid collide_with(x::Spaceship, y::Spaceship) = ... # deal with spaceship hitting spaceship
Strings "hello world" "
Macros # https://jkrumbiegel.com/pages/2021-06-07-macros-for-beginners/ macro show_value(variable) quote println("The ", $(string(variable)), " you passed is ", $(esc(variable))) end end @show_value(orange) @show_value(apple)
Case Insensitive Identifiers X
Semantic Indentation X

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