PostgreSQL is an open source query language created in 1986 by Marc G. Fournier.
| #52on PLDB | 38Years Old |
git clone https://github.com/postgres/postgresPostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) with an emphasis on extensibility and standards compliance. As a database server, its primary functions are to store data securely and return that data in response to requests from other software applications. It can handle workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications (or for data warehousing) with many concurrent users; on macOS Server, PostgreSQL is the default database; and it is also available for Microsoft Windows and Linux (supplied in most distributions). Read more on Wikipedia...
SELECT 'Hello, world!';
-- Hello World in PL/pgSQL (PostgreSQL Procedural Language)
-- In old versions replace '$' by double qoutes
CREATE FUNCTION hello_world() RETURNS text AS $
BEGIN
RETURN 'Hello World';
END
$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
SELECT hello_world();
ABORT ABS ABSOLUTE ACCESS ACTION ADA ADD ADMIN AFTER AGGREGATE ALIAS ALL ALLOCATE ALTER ANALYSE ANALYZE AND ANY ARE ARRAY AS ASC ASENSITIVE ASSERTION ASSIGNMENT ASYMMETRIC AT ATOMIC AUTHORIZATION AVG BACKWARD BEFORE BEGIN BETWEEN BIGINT BINARY BIT BITVAR BIT_LENGTH BLOB BOOLEAN BOTH BREADTH BY CACHE CALL CALLED CARDINALITY CASCADE CASCADED CASE CAST CATALOG CATALOG_NAME CHAIN CHAR CHARACTER CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTER_LENGTH CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG CHARACTER_SET_NAME CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA CHAR_LENGTH CHECK CHECKED CHECKPOINT CLASS CLASS_ORIGIN CLOB CLOSE CLUSTER COALESCE COBOL COLLATE COLLATION COLLATION_CATALOG COLLATION_NAME COLLATION_SCHEMA COLUMN COLUMN_NAME COMMAND_FUNCTION COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE COMMENT COMMIT COMMITTED COMPLETION CONDITION_NUMBER CONNECT CONNECTION CONNECTION_NAME CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINT_CATALOG CONSTRAINT_NAME CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA CONSTRUCTOR CONTAINS CONTINUE CONVERSION CONVERT COPY CORRESPONDING COUNT CREATE CREATEDB CREATEUSER CROSS CUBE CURRENT CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_PATH CURRENT_ROLE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER CURSOR CURSOR_NAME CYCLE DATA DATABASE DATE DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION DAY DEALLOCATE DEC DECIMAL DECLARE DEFAULT DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DEFINED DEFINER DELETE DELIMITER DELIMITERS DEPTH DEREF DESC DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR DESTROY DESTRUCTOR DETERMINISTIC DIAGNOSTICS DICTIONARY DISCONNECT DISPATCH DISTINCT DO DOMAIN DOUBLE DROP DYNAMIC DYNAMIC_FUNCTION DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE EACH ELSE ENCODING ENCRYPTED END END-EXEC EQUALS ESCAPE EVERY EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXCLUSIVE EXEC EXECUTE EXISTING EXISTS EXPLAIN EXTERNAL EXTRACT FALSE FETCH FINAL FIRST FLOAT FOR FORCE FOREIGN FORTRAN FORWARD FOUND FREE FREEZE FROM FULL FUNCTION GENERAL GENERATED GET GLOBAL GO GOTO GRANT GRANTED GROUP GROUPING HANDLER HAVING HIERARCHY HOLD HOST HOUR IDENTITY IGNORE ILIKE IMMEDIATE IMMUTABLE IMPLEMENTATION IMPLICIT IN INCREMENT INDEX INDICATOR INFIX INHERITS INITIALIZE INITIALLY INNER INOUT INPUT INSENSITIVE INSERT INSTANCE INSTANTIABLE INSTEAD INT INTEGER INTERSECT INTERVAL INTO INVOKER IS ISNULL ISOLATION ITERATE JOIN KEY KEY_MEMBER KEY_TYPE LANCOMPILER LANGUAGE LARGE LAST LATERAL LEADING LEFT LENGTH LESS LEVEL LIKE LIMIT LISTEN LOAD LOCAL LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCATION LOCATOR LOCK LOWER MAP MATCH MAX MAXVALUE MESSAGE_LENGTH MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH MESSAGE_TEXT METHOD MIN MINUTE MINVALUE MOD MODE MODIFIES MODIFY MODULE MONTH MORE MOVE MUMPS NAME NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NCLOB NEW NEXT NO NOCREATEDB NOCREATEUSER NONE NOT NOTHING NOTIFY NOTNULL NULL NULLABLE NULLIF NUMBER NUMERIC - 0 OBJECT OCTET_LENGTH OF OFF OFFSET OIDS OLD ON ONLY OPEN OPERATION OPERATOR OPTION OPTIONS OR ORDER ORDINALITY OUT OUTER OUTPUT OVERLAPS OVERLAY OVERRIDING OWNER PAD PARAMETER PARAMETERS PARAMETER_MODE PARAMETER_NAME PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA PARTIAL PASCAL PASSWORD PATH PENDANT PLACING PLI POSITION POSTFIX PRECISION PREFIX PREORDER PREPARE PRESERVE PRIMARY PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURAL PROCEDURE PUBLIC READ READS REAL RECHECK RECURSIVE REF REFERENCES REFERENCING REINDEX RELATIVE RENAME REPEATABLE REPLACE RESET RESTRICT RESULT RETURN RETURNED_LENGTH RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH RETURNED_SQLSTATE RETURNS REVOKE RIGHT ROLE ROLLBACK ROLLUP ROUTINE ROUTINE_CATALOG ROUTINE_NAME ROUTINE_SCHEMA ROW ROWS ROW_COUNT RULE SAVEPOINT SCALE SCHEMA SCHEMA_NAME SCOPE SCROLL SEARCH SECOND SECTION SECURITY SELECT SELF SENSITIVE SEQUENCE SERIALIZABLE SERVER_NAME SESSION SESSION_USER SET SETOF SETS SHARE SHOW SIMILAR SIMPLE SIZE SMALLINT SOME SOURCE SPACE SPECIFIC SPECIFICTYPE SPECIFIC_NAME SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLEXCEPTION SQLSTATE SQLWARNING STABLE START STATE STATEMENT STATIC STATISTICS STDIN STDOUT STORAGE STRICT STRUCTURE STYLE SUBCLASS_ORIGIN SUBLIST SUBSTRING SUM SYMMETRIC SYSID SYSTEM SYSTEM_USER TABLE TABLE_NAME TEMP TEMPLATE TEMPORARY TERMINATE THAN THEN TIME TIMESTAMP TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TO TOAST TRAILING TRANSACTION TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK TRANSACTION_ACTIVE TRANSFORM TRANSFORMS TRANSLATE TRANSLATION TREAT TRIGGER TRIGGER_CATALOG TRIGGER_NAME TRIGGER_SCHEMA TRIM TRUE TRUNCATE TRUSTED TYPE UNCOMMITTED UNDER UNENCRYPTED UNION UNIQUE UNKNOWN UNLISTEN UNNAMED UNNEST UNTIL UPDATE UPPER USAGE USER USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA USING VACUUM VALID VALIDATOR VALUE VALUES VARCHAR VARIABLE VARYING VERBOSE VERSION VIEW VOLATILE WHEN WHENEVER WHERE WITH WITHOUT WORK WRITE YEAR ZONE| Feature | Supported | Example | Token |
|---|---|---|---|
| Booleans | ✓ | TRUE FALSE | |
| Strings | ✓ | ' | |
| Case Insensitive Identifiers | ✓ | ||
| MultiLine Comments | ✓ | /* A comment */ | /* */ |
| Comments | ✓ | -- A comment | |
| Line Comments | ✓ | -- A comment | -- |
| Semantic Indentation | X |
PostgreSQL is an open source query language created in 1986 by Marc G. Fournier.
| #52on PLDB | 38Years Old |
git clone https://github.com/postgres/postgresPostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) with an emphasis on extensibility and standards compliance. As a database server, its primary functions are to store data securely and return that data in response to requests from other software applications. It can handle workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications (or for data warehousing) with many concurrent users; on macOS Server, PostgreSQL is the default database; and it is also available for Microsoft Windows and Linux (supplied in most distributions). Read more on Wikipedia...
SELECT 'Hello, world!';
-- Hello World in PL/pgSQL (PostgreSQL Procedural Language)
-- In old versions replace '$' by double qoutes
CREATE FUNCTION hello_world() RETURNS text AS $
BEGIN
RETURN 'Hello World';
END
$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
SELECT hello_world();
ABORT ABS ABSOLUTE ACCESS ACTION ADA ADD ADMIN AFTER AGGREGATE ALIAS ALL ALLOCATE ALTER ANALYSE ANALYZE AND ANY ARE ARRAY AS ASC ASENSITIVE ASSERTION ASSIGNMENT ASYMMETRIC AT ATOMIC AUTHORIZATION AVG BACKWARD BEFORE BEGIN BETWEEN BIGINT BINARY BIT BITVAR BIT_LENGTH BLOB BOOLEAN BOTH BREADTH BY CACHE CALL CALLED CARDINALITY CASCADE CASCADED CASE CAST CATALOG CATALOG_NAME CHAIN CHAR CHARACTER CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTER_LENGTH CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG CHARACTER_SET_NAME CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA CHAR_LENGTH CHECK CHECKED CHECKPOINT CLASS CLASS_ORIGIN CLOB CLOSE CLUSTER COALESCE COBOL COLLATE COLLATION COLLATION_CATALOG COLLATION_NAME COLLATION_SCHEMA COLUMN COLUMN_NAME COMMAND_FUNCTION COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE COMMENT COMMIT COMMITTED COMPLETION CONDITION_NUMBER CONNECT CONNECTION CONNECTION_NAME CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINT_CATALOG CONSTRAINT_NAME CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA CONSTRUCTOR CONTAINS CONTINUE CONVERSION CONVERT COPY CORRESPONDING COUNT CREATE CREATEDB CREATEUSER CROSS CUBE CURRENT CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_PATH CURRENT_ROLE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER CURSOR CURSOR_NAME CYCLE DATA DATABASE DATE DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION DAY DEALLOCATE DEC DECIMAL DECLARE DEFAULT DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DEFINED DEFINER DELETE DELIMITER DELIMITERS DEPTH DEREF DESC DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR DESTROY DESTRUCTOR DETERMINISTIC DIAGNOSTICS DICTIONARY DISCONNECT DISPATCH DISTINCT DO DOMAIN DOUBLE DROP DYNAMIC DYNAMIC_FUNCTION DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE EACH ELSE ENCODING ENCRYPTED END END-EXEC EQUALS ESCAPE EVERY EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXCLUSIVE EXEC EXECUTE EXISTING EXISTS EXPLAIN EXTERNAL EXTRACT FALSE FETCH FINAL FIRST FLOAT FOR FORCE FOREIGN FORTRAN FORWARD FOUND FREE FREEZE FROM FULL FUNCTION GENERAL GENERATED GET GLOBAL GO GOTO GRANT GRANTED GROUP GROUPING HANDLER HAVING HIERARCHY HOLD HOST HOUR IDENTITY IGNORE ILIKE IMMEDIATE IMMUTABLE IMPLEMENTATION IMPLICIT IN INCREMENT INDEX INDICATOR INFIX INHERITS INITIALIZE INITIALLY INNER INOUT INPUT INSENSITIVE INSERT INSTANCE INSTANTIABLE INSTEAD INT INTEGER INTERSECT INTERVAL INTO INVOKER IS ISNULL ISOLATION ITERATE JOIN KEY KEY_MEMBER KEY_TYPE LANCOMPILER LANGUAGE LARGE LAST LATERAL LEADING LEFT LENGTH LESS LEVEL LIKE LIMIT LISTEN LOAD LOCAL LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCATION LOCATOR LOCK LOWER MAP MATCH MAX MAXVALUE MESSAGE_LENGTH MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH MESSAGE_TEXT METHOD MIN MINUTE MINVALUE MOD MODE MODIFIES MODIFY MODULE MONTH MORE MOVE MUMPS NAME NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NCLOB NEW NEXT NO NOCREATEDB NOCREATEUSER NONE NOT NOTHING NOTIFY NOTNULL NULL NULLABLE NULLIF NUMBER NUMERIC - 0 OBJECT OCTET_LENGTH OF OFF OFFSET OIDS OLD ON ONLY OPEN OPERATION OPERATOR OPTION OPTIONS OR ORDER ORDINALITY OUT OUTER OUTPUT OVERLAPS OVERLAY OVERRIDING OWNER PAD PARAMETER PARAMETERS PARAMETER_MODE PARAMETER_NAME PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA PARTIAL PASCAL PASSWORD PATH PENDANT PLACING PLI POSITION POSTFIX PRECISION PREFIX PREORDER PREPARE PRESERVE PRIMARY PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURAL PROCEDURE PUBLIC READ READS REAL RECHECK RECURSIVE REF REFERENCES REFERENCING REINDEX RELATIVE RENAME REPEATABLE REPLACE RESET RESTRICT RESULT RETURN RETURNED_LENGTH RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH RETURNED_SQLSTATE RETURNS REVOKE RIGHT ROLE ROLLBACK ROLLUP ROUTINE ROUTINE_CATALOG ROUTINE_NAME ROUTINE_SCHEMA ROW ROWS ROW_COUNT RULE SAVEPOINT SCALE SCHEMA SCHEMA_NAME SCOPE SCROLL SEARCH SECOND SECTION SECURITY SELECT SELF SENSITIVE SEQUENCE SERIALIZABLE SERVER_NAME SESSION SESSION_USER SET SETOF SETS SHARE SHOW SIMILAR SIMPLE SIZE SMALLINT SOME SOURCE SPACE SPECIFIC SPECIFICTYPE SPECIFIC_NAME SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLEXCEPTION SQLSTATE SQLWARNING STABLE START STATE STATEMENT STATIC STATISTICS STDIN STDOUT STORAGE STRICT STRUCTURE STYLE SUBCLASS_ORIGIN SUBLIST SUBSTRING SUM SYMMETRIC SYSID SYSTEM SYSTEM_USER TABLE TABLE_NAME TEMP TEMPLATE TEMPORARY TERMINATE THAN THEN TIME TIMESTAMP TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TO TOAST TRAILING TRANSACTION TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK TRANSACTION_ACTIVE TRANSFORM TRANSFORMS TRANSLATE TRANSLATION TREAT TRIGGER TRIGGER_CATALOG TRIGGER_NAME TRIGGER_SCHEMA TRIM TRUE TRUNCATE TRUSTED TYPE UNCOMMITTED UNDER UNENCRYPTED UNION UNIQUE UNKNOWN UNLISTEN UNNAMED UNNEST UNTIL UPDATE UPPER USAGE USER USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA USING VACUUM VALID VALIDATOR VALUE VALUES VARCHAR VARIABLE VARYING VERBOSE VERSION VIEW VOLATILE WHEN WHENEVER WHERE WITH WITHOUT WORK WRITE YEAR ZONE| Feature | Supported | Example | Token |
|---|---|---|---|
| Booleans | ✓ | TRUE FALSE | |
| Strings | ✓ | ' | |
| Case Insensitive Identifiers | ✓ | ||
| MultiLine Comments | ✓ | /* A comment */ | /* */ |
| Comments | ✓ | -- A comment | |
| Line Comments | ✓ | -- A comment | -- |
| Semantic Indentation | X |