Transact-SQL - Query language

Transact-SQL is a query language created in 1984.

#355on PLDB

40Years Old

Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft's and Sybase's proprietary extension to the SQL (Structured Query Language) used to interact with relational databases. T-SQL expands on the SQL standard to include procedural programming, local variables, various support functions for string processing, date processing, mathematics, etc. and changes to the DELETE and UPDATE statements. Read more on Wikipedia...

Tags: queryLanguage
Explore Transact-SQL snippets on Rosetta Code
Transact-SQL ranks #23 in the TIOBE Index
ANTLR grammar for Transact-SQL
Transact-SQL LSP implementation
Pygments supports syntax highlighting for Transact-SQL
See also: (4 related languages) SQL, PL/SQL, PL/pgSQL, SQL/PSM

Example from Wikipedia:

-- begin transaction
BEGIN TRAN

BEGIN TRY
   -- execute each statement
   INSERT INTO MYTABLE(NAME) VALUES ('ABC')
   INSERT INTO MYTABLE(NAME) VALUES ('123')

   -- commit the transaction
   COMMIT TRAN
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
   -- roll back the transaction because of error
   ROLLBACK TRAN
END CATCH

Transact-SQL Keywords

ABSOLUTE ACTION ADA ADD ADMIN AFTER AGGREGATE ALIAS ALL ALLOCATE ALTER AND ANY ARE ARRAY AS ASC ASENSITIVE ASSERTION ASYMMETRIC AT ATOMIC AUTHORIZATION AVG BACKUP BEFORE BEGIN BETWEEN BINARY BIT BIT_LENGTH BLOB BOOLEAN BOTH BREADTH BREAK BROWSE BULK BY CALL CALLED CARDINALITY CASCADE CASCADED CASE CAST CATALOG CHAR CHAR_LENGTH CHARACTER CHARACTER_LENGTH CHECK CHECKPOINT CLASS CLOB CLOSE CLUSTERED COALESCE COLLATE COLLATION COLLECT COLUMN COMMIT COMPLETION COMPUTE CONDITION CONNECT CONNECTION CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINTS CONSTRUCTOR CONTAINS CONTAINSTABLE CONTINUE CONVERT CORR CORRESPONDING COUNT COVAR_POP COVAR_SAMP CREATE CROSS CUBE CUME_DIST CURRENT CURRENT_CATALOG CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP CURRENT_PATH CURRENT_ROLE CURRENT_SCHEMA CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE CURRENT_USER CURSOR CYCLE DATA DATABASE DATE DAY DBCC DEALLOCATE DEC DECIMAL DECLARE DEFAULT DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DELETE DENY DEPTH DEREF DESC DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR DESTROY DESTRUCTOR DETERMINISTIC DIAGNOSTICS DICTIONARY DISCONNECT DISK DISTINCT DISTRIBUTED DOMAIN DOUBLE DROP DUMP DYNAMIC EACH ELEMENT ELSE END END-EXEC EQUALS ERRLVL ESCAPE EVERY EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXEC EXECUTE EXISTS EXIT EXTERNAL EXTRACT FALSE FETCH FILE FILLFACTOR FILTER FIRST FLOAT FOR FOREIGN FORTRAN FOUND FREE FREETEXT FREETEXTTABLE FROM FULL FULLTEXTTABLE FUNCTION FUSION GENERAL GET GLOBAL GO GOTO GRANT GROUP GROUPING HAVING HOLD HOLDLOCK HOST HOUR IDENTITY IDENTITY_INSERT IDENTITYCOL IF IGNORE IMMEDIATE IN INCLUDE INDEX INDICATOR INITIALIZE INITIALLY INNER INOUT INPUT INSENSITIVE INSERT INT INTEGER INTERSECT INTERSECTION INTERVAL INTO IS ISOLATION ITERATE JOIN KEY KILL LANGUAGE LARGE LAST LATERAL LEADING LEFT LESS LEVEL LIKE LIKE_REGEX LIMIT LINENO LN LOAD LOCAL LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCATOR LOWER MAP MATCH MAX MEMBER MERGE METHOD MIN MINUTE MOD MODIFIES MODIFY MODULE MONTH MULTISET NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NCLOB NEW NEXT NO NOCHECK NONCLUSTERED NONE NORMALIZE NOT NULL NULLIF NUMERIC OBJECT OCCURRENCES_REGEX OCTET_LENGTH OF OFF OFFSETS OLD ON ONLY OPEN OPENDATASOURCE OPENQUERY OPENROWSET OPENXML OPERATION OPTION OR ORDER ORDINALITY OUT OUTER OUTPUT OVER OVERLAPS OVERLAY PAD PARAMETER PARAMETERS PARTIAL PARTITION PASCAL PATH PERCENT PERCENT_RANK PERCENTILE_CONT PERCENTILE_DISC PIVOT PLAN POSITION POSITION_REGEX POSTFIX PRECISION PREFIX PREORDER PREPARE PRESERVE PRIMARY PRINT PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROC PROCEDURE PUBLIC RAISERROR RANGE READ READS READTEXT REAL RECONFIGURE RECURSIVE REF REFERENCES REFERENCING REGR_AVGX REGR_AVGY REGR_COUNT REGR_INTERCEPT REGR_R2 REGR_SLOPE REGR_SXX REGR_SXY REGR_SYY RELATIVE RELEASE REPLICATION RESTORE RESTRICT RESULT RETURN RETURNS REVERT REVOKE RIGHT ROLE ROLLBACK ROLLUP ROUTINE ROW ROWCOUNT ROWGUIDCOL ROWS RULE SAVE SAVEPOINT SCHEMA SCOPE SCROLL SEARCH SECOND SECTION SECURITYAUDIT SELECT SEMANTICKEYPHRASETABLE SEMANTICSIMILARITYDETAILSTABLE SEMANTICSIMILARITYTABLE SENSITIVE SEQUENCE SESSION SESSION_USER SET SETS SETUSER SHUTDOWN SIMILAR SIZE SMALLINT SOME SPACE SPECIFIC SPECIFICTYPE SQL SQLCA SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLEXCEPTION SQLSTATE SQLWARNING START STATE STATEMENT STATIC STATISTICS STDDEV_POP STDDEV_SAMP STRUCTURE SUBMULTISET SUBSTRING SUBSTRING_REGEX SUM SYMMETRIC SYSTEM SYSTEM_USER TABLE TABLESAMPLE TEMPORARY TERMINATE TEXTSIZE THAN THEN TIME TIMESTAMP TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TO TOP TRAILING TRAN TRANSACTION TRANSLATE TRANSLATE_REGEX TRANSLATION TREAT TRIGGER TRIM TRUE TRUNCATE TRY_CONVERT TSEQUAL UESCAPE UNDER UNION UNIQUE UNKNOWN UNNEST UNPIVOT UPDATE UPDATETEXT UPPER USAGE USE USER USING VALUE VALUES VAR_POP VAR_SAMP VARCHAR VARIABLE VARYING VIEW WAITFOR WHEN WHENEVER WHERE WHILE WIDTH_BUCKET WINDOW WITH WITHIN WITHIN GROUP WITHOUT WORK WRITE WRITETEXT XMLAGG XMLATTRIBUTES XMLBINARY XMLCAST XMLCOMMENT XMLCONCAT XMLDOCUMENT XMLELEMENT XMLEXISTS XMLFOREST XMLITERATE XMLNAMESPACES XMLPARSE XMLPI XMLQUERY XMLSERIALIZE XMLTABLE XMLTEXT XMLVALIDATE YEAR ZONE

Language features

Feature	Supported	Example	Token
MultiLine Comments	✓
Integers	✓	-- [0-9]+
Floats	✓	-- [0-9]+\.[0-9]*(e[+-]?[0-9]+)?
Hexadecimals	✓	-- 0x[0-9a-f]+
Booleans	✓		TRUE FALSE
Comments	✓	-- A comment
Line Comments	✓	-- A comment	--
Semantic Indentation	X