../code/conceptPage.scroll id typescript name TypeScript appeared 2012 creators Anders Hejlsberg tags pl website http://www.typescriptlang.org/ blog https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/ releaseNotes https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/ download https://www.typescriptlang.org/download latestVersion 5.4 webRepl https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/ webRepl https://playcode.io/typescript/ roadmap https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Roadmap lab Microsoft fileExtensions ts tsx writtenIn typescript javascript json markdown yaml diff xml bourne-shell dockerfile leetSheets https://cheatsheets.zip/typescript isOpenSource true exercism https://exercism.org/tracks/typescript supersetOf javascript tryItOnline https://tio.run/#typescript clocExtensions mts tsx ts fileType text docs https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/ https://devdocs.io/typescript/ monaco typescript rosettaCode http://www.rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:TypeScript quineRelay TypeScript packageRepository https://npmjs.org/ ubuntuPackage node-typescript repoStats firstCommit 2014 commits 39579 committers 981 files 71312 newestCommit 2024 helloWorldCollection TypeScript // Hello world in TypeScript alert('Hello world!'); pygmentsHighlighter TypeScript filename javascript.py fileExtensions ts rijuRepl https://riju.codes/typescript example console.log("Hello, world!"); subreddit https://reddit.com/r/typescript memberCount 2022 87839 twitter https://twitter.com/typescript leachim6 TypeScript filepath t/TypeScript.ts fileExtensions ts example console.log("Hello World"); gource https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhdSkuJafG8 languageServerProtocolProject https://github.com/theia-ide/typescript-language-server writtenIn typescript githubCopilotOptimized true githubRepo https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript stars 99410 forks 12318 subscribers 2135 created 2014 updated 2024 description TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that compiles to clean JavaScript output. issues 5892 lineCommentToken // multiLineCommentTokens /* */ printToken console.log stringToken " hasEnums true enum Direction { Up, Down } hasStaticMethods true class Person { static sayHi() { console.log("Hello world") } } hasAccessModifiers true class Person { private _age = 2 public get age() { return _age } protected year = 1990 } hasAbstractTypes true abstract class Animal {} class Dog extends Animal hasGenerics true function identity(arg: T): T { return arg; } hasBooleans true const result = true hasClasses true class Person {} hasExplicitTypeCasting true something; hasImports true import { ZipCodeValidator } from "./ZipCodeValidator"; /// /// import moo = module('moo'); /// hasInterfaces true // https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/interfaces.html interface SquareConfig { color?: string; width?: number; } hasMixins true // https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/mixins.html class SmartObject implements Disposable, Activatable { } // Note: still need to do some runtime ops to make that work. hasNamespaces true // Typescript even supports splitting namespaces across multiple files: // Validation.ts namespace Validation { export interface StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string): boolean; } } // LettersOnlyValidator.ts /// namespace Validation { const lettersRegexp = /^[A-Za-z]+$/; export class LettersOnlyValidator implements StringValidator { isAcceptable(s: string) { return lettersRegexp.test(s); } } } hasOperatorOverloading false hasPrintDebugging true console.log("Hi") hasInheritance true class B {} class A extends B {} hasStaticTyping true hasTypeParameters true function identity(arg: T): T { return arg; } hasStrings true "hello world" hasTypeInference true hasSingleTypeArrays true const scores: int[] hasUnionTypes true declare type numOrString = string | number hasLineComments true // A comment hasAlgebraicTypes true declare type numOrString = string | number hasComments true // A comment hasMultiLineComments true /* A comment */ hasSemanticIndentation false hasCaseInsensitiveIdentifiers false hasGradualTypes true hasTypeAliases true type Second = number; hasStandardLibrary true console.log("Hello, World!"); jupyterKernel https://github.com/nearbydelta/itypescript wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TypeScript example class Person { private name: string; private age: number; private salary: number; constructor(name: string, age: number, salary: number) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.salary = salary; } toString(): string { return `${this.name} (${this.age}) (${this.salary})`; // As of version 1.4 } } related javascript java csharp delphi turbo-pascal jquery mongodb d3 visual-studio-editor eclipse-editor emacs-editor vim sublime-editor visual-studio-code-editor maven-pom dart coffeescript elm summary TypeScript is a free and open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing to the language. Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal, has worked on the development of TypeScript. TypeScript may be used to develop JavaScript applications for client-side or server-side (Node.js) execution. TypeScript is designed for development of large applications and compiles to JavaScript. As TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, existing JavaScript programs are also valid TypeScript programs. TypeScript supports definition files that can contain type information of existing JavaScript libraries, much like C++ header files can describe the structure of existing object files. This enables other programs to use the values defined in the files as if they were statically typed TypeScript entities. There are third-party header files for popular libraries such as jQuery, MongoDB, and D3.js. TypeScript headers for the Node.js basic modules are also available, allowing development of Node.js programs within TypeScript. The TypeScript compiler is itself written in TypeScript and compiled to JavaScript. It is licensed under the Apache 2 License. TypeScript is included as a first-class programming language in Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 Update 2 and later, beside C# and other Microsoft languages. An official extension allows Visual Studio 2012 to support TypeScript as well. pageId 8157205 dailyPageViews 1098 created 2006 backlinksCount 428 revisionCount 523 appeared 2012 fileExtensions ts tsx tiobe TypeScript pypl TypeScript domainName typescriptlang.org registered 2012 awisRank 2022 6046 githubBigQuery TypeScript repos 47650 users 35920 linguistGrammarRepo https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript-TmLanguage firstCommit 2015 lastCommit 2018 committerCount 25 commitCount 616 sampleCount 7 example console.log("Hello, World!"); isbndb 54 year|publisher|title|authors|isbn13 2016|Packt Publishing|TypeScript Blueprints|Wolff, Ivo Gabe de|9781785887017 2017|CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|Beginning Angular 2 with Typescript|Lim, Greg|9781542916677 2021|Packt Publishing|Mastering TypeScript: Build enterprise-ready, modular web applications using TypeScript 4 and modern frameworks, 4th Edition|Rozentals, Nathan|9781800561601 2018|Packt Publishing|Learn React with TypeScript 3: Beginner's guide to modern React web development with TypeScript 3|Rippon, Carl|9781789618129 2020|Packt Publishing|Vue.js 3 Cookbook: Discover actionable solutions for building modern web apps with the latest Vue features and TypeScript|Ribeiro, Heitor Ramon|9781838827397 2021|Packt Publishing|The TypeScript Workshop: A practical guide to confident, effective TypeScript programming|Grynhaus, Ben and Hudgens, Jordan and Hunte, Rayon and Morgan, Matt and Stefanovski, Wekoslav|9781838828493 2021|Packt Publishing|TypeScript 4 Design Patterns and Best Practices: Discover effective techniques and design patterns for every programming task|Despoudis, Theo|9781800563421 2021|Apress|Essential TypeScript 4: From Beginner to Pro|Freeman, Adam|9781484270110 2019|Packt Publishing|Advanced TypeScript Programming Projects: Build 9 different apps with TypeScript 3 and JavaScript frameworks such as Angular, React, and Vue|O'Hanlon, Peter|9781788991018 2019|Manning|Programming with Types: Examples in TypeScript|Riscutia, Vlad|9781638350262 2019|Packt Publishing|Advanced TypeScript Programming Projects: Build 9 different apps with TypeScript 3 and JavaScript frameworks such as Angular, React, and Vue|O'Hanlon, Peter|9781789133042 2019-01-30T00:00:01Z|Packt Publishing|Hands-On Functional Programming with TypeScript: Explore functional and reactive programming to create robust and testable TypeScript applications|Jansen, Remo H.|9781788831437 2016|Packt Publishing|TypeScript Design Patterns|Vane, Vilic|9781785882289 2019|Packt Publishing|Angular Projects: Build nine real-world applications from scratch using Angular 8 and TypeScript|Mohammed, Zama Khan|9781838550387 2021|Packt Publishing|Deno Web Development: Write, test, maintain, and deploy JavaScript and TypeScript web applications using Deno|Santos, Alexandre Portela dos|9781800201149 2017|CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|Beginning Angular with Typescript (updated to Angular 5)|Lim, Greg|9781981969913 2017|Packt Publishing|Mastering TypeScript|Rozentals, Nathan|9781786468710 2016|Packt Publishing|TypeScript Design Patterns|Vane, Vilic|9781785280832 2013|Apress|TypeScript Revealed|Maharry, Dan|9781430257264 2019|Apress|Angular for Material Design: Leverage Angular Material and TypeScript to Build a Rich User Interface for Web Apps|Kotaru, Venkata Keerti|9781484254349 2016|Packt Publishing|TypeScript Blueprints|Wolff, Ivo Gabe de|9781785888779 2017|Packt Publishing|TypeScript 2.x By Example: Build engaging applications with TypeScript, Angular, and NativeScript on the Azure platform|Ohri, Sachin|9781787280878 2018|Packt Publishing|Learning TypeScript 2.x: Develop and maintain captivating web applications with ease, 2nd Edition|Jansen, Remo H.|9781788396608 2019|The October Foundation|Building Chatbots in TypeScript with the Microsoft Bot Framework: Programming Useful Bots in the Node.JS SDK|Szul, Michael|9780578513492 2017-08-24T00:00:01Z|Packt Publishing|TypeScript High Performance: Code for performance, use asynchronous programming, and deliver resources efficiently|Kher, Ajinkya|9781785288647 |SHROFF|PROGRAMMING TYPESCRIPT||9789352138340 2019|Independently Published|Design Patterns In Typescript|Deepak Sukdeo Sapkale|9781078401661 2020|China Electric Power Press|TypeScript Programming(Chinese Edition)|[ MEI ] BAO LI SI QIE ER NI|9787519845964 2019|Independently published|"TypeScript Programming Notebook: A TypeScript Programming Notebook|Journal|Diary For Daily Use"|LLC Publishing, Sanders Industries|9781686791451 2013|Wrox|Typescript Programming|Zoltan Arvai and Attila Hajdrik|9781118705377 20191018|Packt Publishing|Refactoring TypeScript|James Hickey|9781839218415 30-05-2018|Packt Publishing|TypeScript Microservices|Parth Ghiya|9781788836852 2015-04-23|Packt Publishing|Mastering TypeScript|Nathan Rozentals|9781784393991 20191017|O'Reilly Media, Inc.|Effective TypeScript|Dan Vanderkam|9781492053699 20220603|O'Reilly Media, Inc.|Learning TypeScript|Josh Goldberg|9781098110284 20200210|Simon & Schuster|TypeScript Quickly|Anton Moiseev; Yakov Fain|9781638351436 20190425|O'Reilly Media, Inc.|Programming TypeScript|Boris Cherny|9781492037606 20141021|Packt Publishing|TypeScript Essentials|Christopher Nance|9781783985777 2017-08-24|Packt Publishing|TypeScript High Performance|Ajinkya Kher|9781782174387 29-07-2021|Packt Publishing|The TypeScript Workshop|Ben Grynhaus; Jordan Hudgens; Rayon Hunte; Matt Morgan; Wekoslav Stefanovski|9781838826765 2018||Mastering Typescript Programming Techniques|Tamas Piros|9781787121416 20220323|Taylor & Francis|TypeScript for Beginners|Sufyan bin Uzayr|9781000539967 28-02-2019|Packt Publishing|Mastering TypeScript 3|Nathan Rozentals|9781789537475 2019-11-18|Independently Published|Typescript Programming Language|Typescript Publishing|9781708839802 ||Design Patterns In Typescript|Dimitris Loukas|9781789347951 2018-08-30|Packt Publishing|TypeScript 3.0 Quick Start Guide|Patrick Desjardins|9781789347937 2017-02-24|Packt Publishing|Mastering TypeScript - Second Edition|Nathan Rozentals|9781786467485 20181205|Simon & Schuster|Angular Development with TypeScript|Anton Moiseev; Yakov Fain|9781638355250 20210312|Springer Nature|Developing Web Components with TypeScript|Jörg Krause|9781484268407 30-01-2019|Packt Publishing|Hands-On Functional Programming with TypeScript|Remo H. Jansen|9781788838184 20171207|Packt Publishing|TypeScript 2.x for Angular Developers|Christian Nwamba|9781786464361 15-09-2021|Packt Publishing|TypeScript 4 Design Patterns and Best Practices|Theo Despoudis|9781800565418 22-11-2019|Packt Publishing|Learn TypeScript 3 by Building Web Applications|Sebastien Dubois; Alexis Georges; Basarat Ali Syed|9781789617863 31-10-2018|Packt Publishing|Hands-On TypeScript for C# and .NET Core Developers|Francesco Abbruzzese|9781789133325 githubLanguage TypeScript fileExtensions ts cts mts trendingProjects author name avatar url language languageColor stars forks currentPeriodStars description projectstorm react-diagrams https://github.com/projectstorm.png https://github.com/projectstorm/react-diagrams TypeScript #2b7489 3230 409 525 "a super simple, no-nonsense diagramming library written in react that just works" Flaque quirk https://github.com/Flaque.png https://github.com/Flaque/quirk TypeScript #2b7489 1581 132 293 "✨🐙 A GPL Licensed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy app for iOS and Android" umijs qiankun https://github.com/umijs.png https://github.com/umijs/qiankun TypeScript #2b7489 1162 77 835 "📦🚀Blazing fast, simple and completed solution for micro frontends." felixrieseberg windows95 https://github.com/felixrieseberg.png https://github.com/felixrieseberg/windows95 TypeScript #2b7489 16471 963 204 "💩🚀 Windows 95 in Electron. Runs on macOS, Linux, and Windows." angular angular https://github.com/angular.png https://github.com/angular/angular TypeScript #2b7489 51134 14228 1167 "One framework. Mobile & desktop." zeit now https://github.com/zeit.png https://github.com/zeit/now TypeScript #2b7489 3631 416 151 "The easiest way to deploy websites" davidkpiano xstate https://github.com/davidkpiano.png https://github.com/davidkpiano/xstate TypeScript #2b7489 6618 248 439 "State machines and statecharts for the modern web." storybookjs storybook https://github.com/storybookjs.png https://github.com/storybookjs/storybook TypeScript #2b7489 41039 3446 941 "UI component dev & test: React, Vue, Angular, React Native, Ember, Web Components & more!" osdnk react-native-reanimated-bottom-sheet https://github.com/osdnk.png https://github.com/osdnk/react-native-reanimated-bottom-sheet TypeScript #2b7489 795 67 146 "Highly configurable bottom sheet component made with react-native-reanimated and react-native-gesture-handler" typescript-eslint typescript-eslint https://github.com/typescript-eslint.png https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint TypeScript #2b7489 4722 297 465 "✨ Monorepo for all the tooling which enables ESLint to support TypeScript" santiq bulletproof-nodejs https://github.com/santiq.png https://github.com/santiq/bulletproof-nodejs TypeScript #2b7489 569 111 123 "Implementation of a bulletproof node.js API 🛡️" microsoft TypeScript https://github.com/microsoft.png https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript TypeScript #2b7489 53347 7319 1165 "TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that compiles to clean JavaScript output." microsoft vscode https://github.com/microsoft.png https://github.com/microsoft/vscode TypeScript #2b7489 82411 11813 1876 "Visual Studio Code" botpress botpress https://github.com/botpress.png https://github.com/botpress/botpress TypeScript #2b7489 7632 844 158 "The open-source Conversational Platform with built-in language understanding (NLU), beautiful graphical interface and dialog manager. Easily create chatbots and AI-based virtual assistants." tensorflow tfjs https://github.com/tensorflow.png https://github.com/tensorflow/tfjs TypeScript #2b7489 11505 870 220 "A WebGL accelerated JavaScript library for training and deploying ML models." DefinitelyTyped DefinitelyTyped https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped.png https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped TypeScript #2b7489 24096 18791 607 "The repository for high quality TypeScript type definitions." angular components https://github.com/angular.png https://github.com/angular/components TypeScript #2b7489 18688 4888 245 "Component infrastructure and Material Design components for Angular" microsoft azure-pipelines-tasks https://github.com/microsoft.png https://github.com/microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks TypeScript #2b7489 1626 1266 53 "Tasks for Azure Pipelines" typeorm typeorm https://github.com/typeorm.png https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm TypeScript #2b7489 14911 1989 577 "ORM for TypeScript and JavaScript (ES7, ES6, ES5). Supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, SQLite, MS SQL Server, Oracle, WebSQL databases. Works in NodeJS, Browser, Ionic, Cordova and Electron platforms." theia-ide theia https://github.com/theia-ide.png https://github.com/theia-ide/theia TypeScript #2b7489 5270 678 372 "Eclipse Theia is a cloud & desktop IDE framework implemented in TypeScript." grafana grafana https://github.com/grafana.png https://github.com/grafana/grafana TypeScript #2b7489 30810 5910 676 "The tool for beautiful monitoring and metric analytics & dashboards for Graphite, InfluxDB & Prometheus & More" microsoft WebTemplateStudio https://github.com/microsoft.png https://github.com/microsoft/WebTemplateStudio TypeScript #2b7489 1527 115 856 "Microsoft Web Template Studio quickly builds web applications using a wizard-based UI to turn your needs into a foundation of best patterns and practices" doczjs docz https://github.com/doczjs.png https://github.com/doczjs/docz TypeScript #2b7489 16315 740 352 "✍🏻It has never been so easy to document your things!" darkreader darkreader https://github.com/darkreader.png https://github.com/darkreader/darkreader TypeScript #2b7489 4129 682 238 "Dark Reader Chrome and Firefox extension" remaxjs remax https://github.com/remaxjs.png https://github.com/remaxjs/remax TypeScript #2b7489 878 46 600 全新的小程序开发体验 trendingProjectsCount 26 type programming interpreters deno ts-node aceMode typescript codemirrorMode javascript codemirrorMimeType application/typescript tmScope source.ts aliases ts repos 3281749 indeedJobs typescript developer 2017 1542 stackOverflowSurvey 2021 users 24909 medianSalary 59172 fans 26905 percentageUsing 0.3 semanticScholar 8 year|title|doi|citations|influentialCitations|authors|paperId 2014|Understanding TypeScript|10.1007/978-3-662-44202-9_11|158|23|G. Bierman and M. Abadi and Mads Torgersen|1469b0cbb109c2a788a346dd0480070de8334dea 2015|Safe & Efficient Gradual Typing for TypeScript|10.1145/2676726.2676971|93|12|Aseem Rastogi and N. Swamy and C. Fournet and G. Bierman and Panagiotis Vekris|26ac3ad840d8d773eec2ab7fc60d441b34c6adc5 2015|Concrete Types for TypeScript|10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2015.76|46|7|G. Richards and Francesco Zappa Nardelli and J. Vitek|0b9d9312d42ee79ff09d47be9146bea121dac3c2 2014|Checking correctness of TypeScript interfaces for JavaScript libraries|10.1145/2714064.2660215|38|0|Asger Feldthaus and Anders Møller|0c85abd759cbe878b186a8b01f202a38f048f445 2015|An empirical investigation of the effects of type systems and code completion on API usability using TypeScript and JavaScript in MS visual studio|10.1145/2816707.2816720|14|0|Lars Fischer and Stefan Hanenberg|2020498cd27feb41069b39a0982b65d033e49ffb 2017|Mixed Messages: Measuring Conformance and Non-Interference in TypeScript|10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2017.28|11|1|Jack Williams and J. Garrett Morris and P. Wadler and Jakub Zalewski|aac07bd3202a7da8ab2d627bf15a2ac97c1837cd 2019|Static TypeScript: an implementation of a static compiler for the TypeScript language|10.1145/3357390.3361032|5|1|T. Ball and J. D. Halleux and Michal Moskal|80fedaa1921bb6e42069f83679ae2c42f863a68e 2022|To Type or Not to Type? A Systematic Comparison of the Software Quality of JavaScript and TypeScript Applications on GitHub|10.48550/arXiv.2203.11115|1|0|J. Bogner and Manuel Merkel|475615b230f0fe5a8dffa5970a90c0d98c94827c goodreads title|year|author|goodreadsId|rating|ratings|reviews TypeScript for C# programmers|2013|Steve Fenton|18884379|3.67|9|3 TypeScript for JavaScript Programmers|2012|Steve Fenton|19315341|3.50|4|1